Caching stores work that has already been done so the server or browser does not have to repeat it for every request.
Browser Cache
Browser cache stores assets such as images, CSS, and JavaScript on the visitor's device.
Page Cache
Page cache stores finished HTML pages so PHP and the database do less work.
Object Cache
Object cache stores smaller chunks of application data, often database query results.
CDN Cache
A CDN can cache static assets closer to visitors. Be careful with logged-in or personalised pages.
Caching is powerful, but it should be tested after forms, checkout, and account areas are configured.